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XHTML 1 Character Entities

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XHTML 1 Character Entities

Here is a complete chart of the entities requiredto represent certain characters in web pages designed to conform to the XHTML 1 standard.

Latin 1 characters

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
nbsp				U+00A0	no-break space = non-breaking space	ISOnum
iexcl	¡	¡	¡	U+00A1	inverted exclamation mark	ISOnum
cent	¢	¢	¢	U+00A2	cent sign	ISOnum
pound	£	£	£	U+00A3	pound sign	ISOnum
curren	¤	¤	¤	U+00A4	currency sign	ISOnum
yen	¥	¥	¥	U+00A5	yen sign = yuan sign	ISOnum
brvbar	¦	¦	¦	U+00A6	broken bar = broken vertical bar	ISOnum
sect	§	§	§	U+00A7	section sign	ISOnum
uml	¨	¨	¨	U+00A8	diaeresis = spacing diaeresis	ISOdia
copy	©	©	©	U+00A9	copyright sign	ISOnum
ordf	ª	ª	ª	U+00AA	feminine ordinal indicator	ISOnum
laquo	«	«	«	U+00AB	left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet	ISOnum
not	¬	¬	¬	U+00AC	not sign = discretionary hyphen	ISOnum
shy				U+00AD	soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen	ISOnum
reg	®	®	®	U+00AE	registered sign = registered trade mark sign	ISOnum
macr	¯	¯	¯	U+00AF	macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar	ISOdia
deg	°	°	°	U+00B0	degree sign	ISOnum
plusmn	±	±	±	U+00B1	plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign	ISOnum
sup2	²	²	²	U+00B2	superscript two = superscript digit two = squared	ISOnum
sup3	³	³	³	U+00B3	superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed	ISOnum
acute	´	´	´	U+00B4	acute accent = spacing acute	ISOdia
micro	µ	µ	µ	U+00B5	micro sign	ISOnum
para	¶	¶	¶	U+00B6	pilcrow sign = paragraph sign	ISOnum
middot	·	·	·	U+00B7	middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot	ISOnum
cedil	¸	¸	¸	U+00B8	cedilla = spacing cedilla	ISOdia
sup1	¹	¹	¹	U+00B9	superscript one = superscript digit one	ISOnum
ordm	º	º	º	U+00BA	masculine ordinal indicator	ISOnum
raquo	»	»	»	U+00BB	right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet	ISOnum
frac14	¼	¼	¼	U+00BC	vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter	ISOnum
frac12	½	½	½	U+00BD	vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half	ISOnum
frac34	¾	¾	¾	U+00BE	vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters	ISOnum
iquest	¿	¿	¿	U+00BF	inverted question mark = turned question mark	ISOnum
Agrave	À	À	À	U+00C0	latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave	ISOlat1
Aacute	Á	Á	Á	U+00C1	latin capital letter A with acute	ISOlat1
Acirc	Â	Â	Â	U+00C2	latin capital letter A with circumflex	ISOlat1
Atilde	Ã	Ã	Ã	U+00C3	latin capital letter A with tilde	ISOlat1
Auml	Ä	Ä	Ä	U+00C4	latin capital letter A with diaeresis	ISOlat1
Aring	Å	Å	Å	U+00C5	latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring	ISOlat1
AElig	Æ	Æ	Æ	U+00C6	latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE	ISOlat1
Ccedil	Ç	Ç	Ç	U+00C7	latin capital letter C with cedilla	ISOlat1
Egrave	È	È	È	U+00C8	latin capital letter E with grave	ISOlat1
Eacute	É	É	É	U+00C9	latin capital letter E with acute	ISOlat1
Ecirc	Ê	Ê	Ê	U+00CA	latin capital letter E with circumflex	ISOlat1
Euml	Ë	Ë	Ë	U+00CB	latin capital letter E with diaeresis	ISOlat1
Igrave	Ì	Ì	Ì	U+00CC	latin capital letter I with grave	ISOlat1
Iacute	Í	Í	Í	U+00CD	latin capital letter I with acute	ISOlat1
Icirc	Î	Î	Î	U+00CE	latin capital letter I with circumflex	ISOlat1
Iuml	Ï	Ï	Ï	U+00CF	latin capital letter I with diaeresis	ISOlat1
ETH	Ð	Ð	Ð	U+00D0	latin capital letter ETH	ISOlat1
Ntilde	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	U+00D1	latin capital letter N with tilde	ISOlat1
Ograve	Ò	Ò	Ò	U+00D2	latin capital letter O with grave	ISOlat1
Oacute	Ó	Ó	Ó	U+00D3	latin capital letter O with acute	ISOlat1
Ocirc	Ô	Ô	Ô	U+00D4	latin capital letter O with circumflex	ISOlat1
Otilde	Õ	Õ	Õ	U+00D5	latin capital letter O with tilde	ISOlat1
Ouml	Ö	Ö	Ö	U+00D6	latin capital letter O with diaeresis	ISOlat1
times	×	×	×	U+00D7	multiplication sign	ISOnum
Oslash	Ø	Ø	Ø	U+00D8	latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash	ISOlat1
Ugrave	Ù	Ù	Ù	U+00D9	latin capital letter U with grave	ISOlat1
Uacute	Ú	Ú	Ú	U+00DA	latin capital letter U with acute	ISOlat1
Ucirc	Û	Û	Û	U+00DB	latin capital letter U with circumflex	ISOlat1
Uuml	Ü	Ü	Ü	U+00DC	latin capital letter U with diaeresis	ISOlat1
Yacute	Ý	Ý	Ý	U+00DD	latin capital letter Y with acute	ISOlat1
THORN	Þ	Þ	Þ	U+00DE	latin capital letter THORN	ISOlat1
szlig	ß	ß	ß	U+00DF	latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed	ISOlat1
agrave	à	à	à	U+00E0	latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave	ISOlat1
aacute	á	á	á	U+00E1	latin small letter a with acute	ISOlat1
acirc	â	â	â	U+00E2	latin small letter a with circumflex	ISOlat1
atilde	ã	ã	ã	U+00E3	latin small letter a with tilde	ISOlat1
auml	ä	ä	ä	U+00E4	latin small letter a with diaeresis	ISOlat1
aring	å	å	å	U+00E5	latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring	ISOlat1
aelig	æ	æ	æ	U+00E6	latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae	ISOlat1
ccedil	ç	ç	ç	U+00E7	latin small letter c with cedilla	ISOlat1
egrave	è	è	è	U+00E8	latin small letter e with grave	ISOlat1
eacute	é	é	é	U+00E9	latin small letter e with acute	ISOlat1
ecirc	ê	ê	ê	U+00EA	latin small letter e with circumflex	ISOlat1
euml	ë	ë	ë	U+00EB	latin small letter e with diaeresis	ISOlat1
igrave	ì	ì	ì	U+00EC	latin small letter i with grave	ISOlat1
iacute	í	í	í	U+00ED	latin small letter i with acute	ISOlat1
icirc	î	î	î	U+00EE	latin small letter i with circumflex	ISOlat1
iuml	ï	ï	ï	U+00EF	latin small letter i with diaeresis	ISOlat1
eth	ð	ð	ð	U+00F0	latin small letter eth	ISOlat1
ntilde	ñ	ñ	ñ	U+00F1	latin small letter n with tilde	ISOlat1
ograve	ò	ò	ò	U+00F2	latin small letter o with grave	ISOlat1
oacute	ó	ó	ó	U+00F3	latin small letter o with acute	ISOlat1
ocirc	ô	ô	ô	U+00F4	latin small letter o with circumflex	ISOlat1
otilde	õ	õ	õ	U+00F5	latin small letter o with tilde	ISOlat1
ouml	ö	ö	ö	U+00F6	latin small letter o with diaeresis	ISOlat1
divide	÷	÷	÷	U+00F7	division sign	ISOnum
oslash	ø	ø	ø	U+00F8	latin small letter o with stroke = latin small letter o slash	ISOlat1
ugrave	ù	ù	ù	U+00F9	latin small letter u with grave	ISOlat1
uacute	ú	ú	ú	U+00FA	latin small letter u with acute	ISOlat1
ucirc	û	û	û	U+00FB	latin small letter u with circumflex	ISOlat1
uuml	ü	ü	ü	U+00FC	latin small letter u with diaeresis	ISOlat1
yacute	ý	ý	ý	U+00FD	latin small letter y with acute	ISOlat1
thorn	þ	þ	þ	U+00FE	latin small letter thorn with	ISOlat1
yuml	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	U+00FF	latin small letter y with diaeresis	ISOlat1

C0 Controls and Basic Latin
The apostrophe mark is not defined in the HTML 4 entities; appears for the first time in XHTML 1.0.

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
quot	"	"	"	U+0022	quotation mark = APL quote	ISOnum
amp	&	&	&	U+0026	ampersand	ISOnum
apos	'	'	'	U+0027	apostrophe mark	ISOnum
lt	<	<	<	U+003C	less-than sign	ISOnum
gt	>	>	>	U+003E	greater-than sign	ISOnum

Latin Extended-A
* oelig: ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
OElig	Œ	Œ	Œ	U+0152	latin capital ligature OE	ISOlat2
oelig	œ	œ	œ	U+0153	latin small ligature oe	ISOlat2
Scaron	Š	Š	Š	U+0160	latin capital letter S with caron	ISOlat2
scaron	š	š	š	U+0161	latin small letter s with caron	ISOlat2
Yuml	Ÿ	Ÿ	Ÿ	U+0178	latin capital letter Y with diaeresis	ISOlat2

Spacing Modifier Letters

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
circ	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	U+02C6	modifier letter circumflex accent	ISOpub
tilde	˜	˜	˜	U+02DC	small tilde	ISOdia

General Punctuation
* lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
* rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
ensp				U+2002	en space	ISOpub
emsp				U+2003	em space	ISOpub
thinsp				U+2009	thin space	ISOpub
zwnj	‌	‌	‌	U+200C	zero width non-joiner	NEW RFC 2070
zwj	‍	‍	‍	U+200D	zero width joiner	NEW RFC 2070
lrm	‎	‎	‎	U+200E	left-to-right mark	NEW RFC 2070
rlm	‏	‏	‏	U+200F	right-to-left mark	NEW RFC 2070
ndash	–	–	–	U+2013	en dash	ISOpub
mdash	—	—	—	U+2014	em dash	ISOpub
lsquo	‘	‘	‘	U+2018	left single quotation mark	ISOnum
rsquo	’	’	’	U+2019	right single quotation mark	ISOnum
sbquo	‚	‚	‚	U+201A	single low-9 quotation mark	NEW
ldquo	“	“	“	U+201C	left double quotation mark	ISOnum
rdquo	”	”	”	U+201D	right double quotation mark	ISOnum
bdquo	„	„	„	U+201E	double low-9 quotation mark	NEW
dagger	†	†	†	U+2020	dagger	ISOpub
Dagger	‡	‡	‡	U+2021	double dagger	ISOpub
permil	‰	‰	‰	U+2030	per mille sign	ISOtech
lsaquo	‹	‹	‹	U+2039	single left-pointing angle quotation mark	ISOproposed
rsaquo	›	›	›	U+203A	single right-pointing angle quotation mark	ISOproposed
euro	€	€	€	U+20AC	euro sign	NEW

Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters for HTML

Latin Extended-B

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
fnof	ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	U+0192	latin small f with hook = function = florin	ISOtech

Greek
* there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
Alpha	Α	Α	Α	U+0391	greek capital letter alpha
Beta	Β	Β	Β	U+0392	greek capital letter beta
Gamma	Γ	Γ	Γ	U+0393	greek capital letter gamma	ISOgrk3
Delta	Δ	Δ	Δ	U+0394	greek capital letter delta	ISOgrk3
Epsilon	Ε	Ε	Ε	U+0395	greek capital letter epsilon
Zeta	Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	U+0396	greek capital letter zeta
Eta	Η	Η	Η	U+0397	greek capital letter eta
Theta	Θ	Θ	Θ	U+0398	greek capital letter theta	ISOgrk3
Iota	Ι	Ι	Ι	U+0399	greek capital letter iota
Kappa	Κ	Κ	Κ	U+039A	greek capital letter kappa
Lambda	Λ	Λ	Λ	U+039B	greek capital letter lambda	ISOgrk3
Mu	Μ	Μ	Μ	U+039C	greek capital letter mu
Nu	Ν	Ν	Ν	U+039D	greek capital letter nu
Xi	Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	U+039E	greek capital letter xi	ISOgrk3
Omicron	Ο	Ο	Ο	U+039F	greek capital letter omicron
Pi	Π	Π	Π	U+03A0	greek capital letter pi	ISOgrk3
Rho	Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	U+03A1	greek capital letter rho
Sigma	Σ	Σ	Σ	U+03A3	greek capital letter sigma	ISOgrk3
Tau	Τ	Τ	Τ	U+03A4	greek capital letter tau
Upsilon	Υ	Υ	Υ	U+03A5	greek capital letter upsilon	ISOgrk3
Phi	Φ	Φ	Φ	U+03A6	greek capital letter phi	ISOgrk3
Chi	Χ	Χ	Χ	U+03A7	greek capital letter chi
Psi	Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	U+03A8	greek capital letter psi	ISOgrk3
Omega	Ω	Ω	Ω	U+03A9	greek capital letter omega	ISOgrk3
alpha	α	α	α	U+03B1	greek small letter alpha	ISOgrk3
beta	β	β	β	U+03B2	greek small letter beta	ISOgrk3
gamma	γ	γ	γ	U+03B3	greek small letter gamma	ISOgrk3
delta	δ	δ	δ	U+03B4	greek small letter delta	ISOgrk3
epsilon	ε	ε	ε	U+03B5	greek small letter epsilon	ISOgrk3
zeta	ζ	ζ	ζ	U+03B6	greek small letter zeta	ISOgrk3
eta	η	η	η	U+03B7	greek small letter eta	ISOgrk3
theta	θ	θ	θ	U+03B8	greek small letter theta	ISOgrk3
iota	ι	ι	ι	U+03B9	greek small letter iota	ISOgrk3
kappa	κ	κ	κ	U+03BA	greek small letter kappa	ISOgrk3
lambda	λ	λ	λ	U+03BB	greek small letter lambda	ISOgrk3
mu	μ	μ	μ	U+03BC	greek small letter mu	ISOgrk3
nu	ν	ν	ν	U+03BD	greek small letter nu	ISOgrk3
xi	ξ	ξ	ξ	U+03BE	greek small letter xi	ISOgrk3
omicron	ο	ο	ο	U+03BF	greek small letter omicron	NEW
pi	π	π	π	U+03C0	greek small letter pi	ISOgrk3
rho	ρ	ρ	ρ	U+03C1	greek small letter rho	ISOgrk3
sigmaf	ς	ς	ς	U+03C2	greek small letter final sigma	ISOgrk3
sigma	σ	σ	σ	U+03C3	greek small letter sigma	ISOgrk3
tau	τ	τ	τ	U+03C4	greek small letter tau	ISOgrk3
upsilon	υ	υ	υ	U+03C5	greek small letter upsilon	ISOgrk3
phi	φ	φ	φ	U+03C6	greek small letter phi	ISOgrk3
chi	χ	χ	χ	U+03C7	greek small letter chi	ISOgrk3
psi	ψ	ψ	ψ	U+03C8	greek small letter psi	ISOgrk3
omega	ω	ω	ω	U+03C9	greek small letter omega	ISOgrk3
thetasym	ϑ	ϑ	ϑ	U+03D1	greek small letter theta symbol	NEW
upsih	ϒ	ϒ	ϒ	U+03D2	greek upsilon with hook symbol	NEW
piv	ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	U+03D6	greek pi symbol	ISOgrk3

General Punctuation
* bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
bull	•	•	•	U+2022	bullet = black small circle	ISOpub
hellip	…	…	…	U+2026	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader	ISOpub
prime	′	′	′	U+2032	prime = minutes = feet	ISOtech
Prime	″	″	″	U+2033	double prime = seconds = inches	ISOtech
oline	‾	‾	‾	U+203E	overline = spacing overscore	NEW
frasl	⁄	⁄	⁄	U+2044	fraction slash	NEW

Letterlike Symbols
* alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
weierp	℘	℘	℘	U+2118	script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p	ISOamso
image	ℑ	ℑ	ℑ	U+2111	blackletter capital I = imaginary part	ISOamso
real	ℜ	ℜ	ℜ	U+211C	blackletter capital R = real part symbol	ISOamso
trade	™	™	™	U+2122	trade mark sign	ISOnum
alefsym	ℵ	ℵ	ℵ	U+2135	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal	NEW

Arrows
* Unicode does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests
* Unicode does not say rArr is the 'implies' character but does not have another character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
larr	←	←	←	U+2190	leftwards arrow	ISOnum
uarr	↑	↑	↑	U+2191	upwards arrow	ISOnum
rarr	→	→	→	U+2192	rightwards arrow	ISOnum
darr	↓	↓	↓	U+2193	downwards arrow	ISOnum
harr	↔	↔	↔	U+2194	left right arrow	ISOamsa
crarr	↵	↵	↵	U+21B5	downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return	NEW
lArr	⇐	⇐	⇐	U+21D0	leftwards double arrow	ISOtech
uArr	⇑	⇑	⇑	U+21D1	upwards double arrow	ISOamsa
rArr	⇒	⇒	⇒	U+21D2	rightwards double arrow	ISOtech
dArr	⇓	⇓	⇓	U+21D3	downwards double arrow	ISOamsa
hArr	⇔	⇔	⇔	U+21D4	left right double arrow	ISOamsa

Mathematical Operators
* should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'?
* prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the same glyph might be used for both
* sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the same glyph might be used for both
* sim: tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both
* note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn
* sdot: dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
forall	∀	∀	∀	U+2200	for all	ISOtech
part	∂	∂	∂	U+2202	partial differential	ISOtech
exist	∃	∃	∃	U+2203	there exists	ISOtech
empty	∅	∅	∅	U+2205	empty set = null set = diameter	ISOamso
nabla	∇	∇	∇	U+2207	nabla = backward difference	ISOtech
isin	∈	∈	∈	U+2208	element of	ISOtech
notin	∉	∉	∉	U+2209	not an element of	ISOtech
ni	∋	∋	∋	U+220B	contains as member	ISOtech
prod	∏	∏	∏	U+220F	n-ary product = product sign	ISOamsb
sum	∑	∑	∑	U+2211	n-ary sumation	ISOamsb
minus	−	−	−	U+2212	minus sign	ISOtech
lowast	∗	∗	∗	U+2217	asterisk operator	ISOtech
radic	√	√	√	U+221A	square root = radical sign	ISOtech
prop	∝	∝	∝	U+221D	proportional to	ISOtech
infin	∞	∞	∞	U+221E	infinity	ISOtech
ang	∠	∠	∠	U+2220	angle	ISOamso
and	∧	∧	∧	U+2227	logical and = wedge	ISOtech
or	∨	∨	∨	U+2228	logical or = vee	ISOtech
cap	∩	∩	∩	U+2229	intersection = cap	ISOtech
cup	∪	∪	∪	U+222A	union = cup	ISOtech
int	∫	∫	∫	U+222B	integral	ISOtech
there4	∴	∴	∴	U+2234	therefore	ISOtech
sim	∼	∼	∼	U+223C	tilde operator = varies with = similar to	ISOtech
cong	≅	≅	≅	U+2245	approximately equal to	ISOtech
asymp	≈	≈	≈	U+2248	almost equal to = asymptotic to	ISOamsr
ne	≠	≠	≠	U+2260	not equal to	ISOtech
equiv	≡	≡	≡	U+2261	identical to	ISOtech
le	≤	≤	≤	U+2264	less-than or equal to	ISOtech
ge	≥	≥	≥	U+2265	greater-than or equal to	ISOtech
sub	⊂	⊂	⊂	U+2282	subset of	ISOtech
sup	⊃	⊃	⊃	U+2283	superset of	ISOtech
nsub	⊄	⊄	⊄	U+2284	not a subset of	ISOamsn
sube	⊆	⊆	⊆	U+2286	subset of or equal to	ISOtech
supe	⊇	⊇	⊇	U+2287	superset of or equal to	ISOtech
oplus	⊕	⊕	⊕	U+2295	circled plus = direct sum	ISOamsb
otimes	⊗	⊗	⊗	U+2297	circled times = vector product	ISOamsb
perp	⊥	⊥	⊥	U+22A5	up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular	ISOtech
sdot	⋅	⋅	⋅	U+22C5	dot operator	ISOamsb

Miscellaneous Technical
* lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than' or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark'
* rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than' or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark'

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
lceil	⌈	⌈	⌈	U+2308	left ceiling = apl upstile	ISOamsc
rceil	⌉	⌉	⌉	U+2309	right ceiling	ISOamsc
lfloor	⌊	⌊	⌊	U+230A	left floor = apl downstile	ISOamsc
rfloor	⌋	⌋	⌋	U+230B	right floor	ISOamsc
lang	⟨	〈	〈	U+2329	left-pointing angle bracket = bra	ISOtech
rang	⟩	〉	〉	U+232A	right-pointing angle bracket = ket	ISOtech

Geometric Shapes

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
loz	◊	◊	◊	U+25CA	lozenge	ISOpub

Miscellaneous Symbols
* black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow

by name	char	by number	char	Unicode	description	standard
spades	♠	♠	♠	U+2660	black spade suit	ISOpub
clubs	♣	♣	♣	U+2663	black club suit = shamrock	ISOpub
hearts	♥	♥	♥	U+2665	black heart suit = valentine	ISOpub
diams	♦	♦	♦	U+2666	black diamond suit	ISOpub

Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986:
Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.

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